“防错”的那些解释
防错一点都不陌生，昨天在微信群抛出个话题：“防不合格品流出的探测装置算不算防错？”我未曾参与具体讨论。
仅从个人整理的“防错”术语内容来感受这些差异和应用吧。（对应的英文 我也挂上了）
1. IATF 16949 术语 “防错Error proofing”
Product and manufacturing process design and development to prevent manufacture of nonconforming products
为防止制造不合格品而进行的产品和制造过程的设计和开发。
2. CQI-18 Effective Error-Proofing（有效防错指南）
Error-Proofing (E-P)：
Use of product characteristics, techniques, methods, and/or devices during:
产品特性、技术、方法和/或设备在下述期间上利用：
• Design phase of a product or process, or
产品或过程的设计阶段，或
• As part of an improvement or corrective action process.
作为改进或纠正措施过程的一部分。
To ensure that:
以确保：
• The product will function as desired and/or
产品符合预期功能，和/或
• The product design will allow the part to be assembled or manufactured only according to the design intent and/or
产品设计将允许零件只按照设计意图进行装配或制造，和/或
• Process errors will be detected at the source and defects will be prevented or, if discovered, will not be passed to the next process step. Therefore, a potential defect will not be sent to a customer.
过程中的错误将在源头被发现，将预防缺陷，或者如果被发现，将不会被传递到下一个过程步骤。因此，潜在的缺陷将不会被运送到客户。
3. CQI-18 Effective Error-Proofing（有效防错指南）
Error-Proofing Devices
防错装置
Use of mechanical, electronic, or software devices used to prevent or detect some critical requirement for a product or process. Solutions can be technical (closed loop) or behavioral (human reaction).
使用机械、电子或软件装置，用于防止或检测产品或过程的一些关键要求。解决方案可以是技术性的（闭环）或行为性的（人员反应）
4. CQI-18 Effective Error-Proofing（有效防错指南）
Mistake-Proofing
防错（误）
This term is not used in the manual, but many people use this term interchangeably with error-proofing. At one time it was used to indicate improvements made to processes only.
本手册中没有使用这一术语(Mistake-Proofing)，但许多人将该术语与防错(error-proofing)工作交替使用。它曾一度只被用来表示对过程的改进。
5. CQI-18 Effective Error-Proofing（有效防错指南）
Poka-Yoke
防呆（错、误）
Generally low-cost, reliable devices used in the Jidoka system that will stop processes in order to prevent the production of potentially defective product. This term is sometimes used in industry to signify all types of error-proofing devices.
一般来说，Jidoka(自働化)系统中采用低成本、可靠设备，停止过程，以防止生产潜在的缺陷产品。该术语有时在工业中被用来表示所有类型的防错装置。
6. VDA 4_section_3
Poka Yoke
防呆（错、误）
The Japanese expression “Poka Yoke” ( 日语不会打 : “preventing unforeseen incorrect handling”) describes a principle which uses technical precautions to prevent errors from occurring.
日语中的 "Poka Yoke"（日语不会打："防止不可预见的错误的处理"）描述了使用技术预防措施来防止错误发生的原则。
The starting basis for Poka Yoke is the recognition that no-one is able always to prevent errors or failures from occurring.
Poka Yoke的原始基础是认识到没有人总是能够防止错误或失效的发生。
Poka Yoke uses simple and effective systems to ensure that mishandling (for example, in the production process) is prevented or detected immediately, so that defects cannot be carried forward into the end-product.
Poka Yoke 使用简单而有效的系统来确保防止或立即发现错误处理（例如，在生产过程中），从而使缺陷无法进入最终产品。以使缺陷不能被带入最终产品。
The first published examples (Shigeo Shingo) referred to the elimination of errors or failures which occurred in processes as a result of unforeseen mishandling. It was in this connection that the POKA YOKE failure list was developed, together with the POKA YOKE decision-making matrix and the POKA YOKE system matrix, also referred to as the “ideas module”.
（新乡重夫）首次发表的示例提到了消除错误或故障，这些错误或故障是由于未预见到的处理不当而在过程中发生的。正是在这种情况下，开发了POKA YOKE故障清单，以及POKA YOKE决策矩阵和POKA YOKE系统矩阵，也被称为 "创意模块"。
7. 朱兰手册7th
Mistake Proofing the Process
过程防错
An important element of prevention is designing the process to be free through “ mistake proofing ”( the Japanese call it poka-yoke).
预防的一个重要因素是通过“差错预防”来设计过程以使其没有错误。
A widely used form of mistake proofing is the design (or redesign of the machines and tools, the “ hardware ”) to make human improbable, or even impossible.
广泛使用的防错形式是通过设计（或重新设计机器和工具，即“硬件”），使人为的错误不太可能发生，甚至是不发生。
Mistake proofing is both a proactive and reactive tool.
防错是一种既主动又被动的工具。
Mistake proofing can, of course, result in work. The advantage can also include eliminating many inspection operations and requiring an immediate response when problems do arise.
防错必定会带来无缺陷的工作。防错的优点还包括能够消除许多检查操作，而且当问题确实发生时，防错可以立即做出响应。
（节选的内容，中文采用 中文版翻译）
8. ASQ The quality toolbox 2nd（质量工具箱 第2版）
Mistake-proofing, Also called: poka-yoke, fail-safing
错误预防，也称为，防误防呆、防故障
Mistake-proofing, or its Japanese equivalent poka-yoke (pronounced to rhyme with “mocha okay”), is the use of any automatic device or method that either makes it impossible for an error to occur or makes the error immediately obvious once it has occurred.
错误预防或相当于日语的poka-yoke，是指使用任何自动装置或方法，使错误不可能发生，或一旦发生错误就能立即显现出来。
9. 新版FMEA（含SAE发布的）
Error-proofing/Mistake-proofing （交替混用）
当前控制（预防和探测）:
防错设计、防错验证程序等
10. ISO 11462:2010
Poka yoke (mistake-proofing)
（6.74）Table 1Classification of quality tools and techniques
预防工具（Prevention tool）-仅此描述
11. APQP 2nd 附录B
Mistake Proofing/Error-Proofing
防错/防误
Mistake proofing is a technique to identify errors after they occur. Mistake proofing should be used as a technique to control repetitive tasks or actions and prevent non-conformances from being passed on to the subsequent operation and ultimately the customer. Error-proofing is a technique used to identify potential process errors and either design them out of the product or process, or eliminate the possibility that the error could produce a non-conformance.
防错是一种在错误发生后识别错误的技术。防错应当作为一种技术来控制重复性的任务或行动，防止不合格品被传递到后续的操 作中，并最终传递给客户。防错是一种技术，用于识别潜在的过程错误，并将其从产品或过程中设计出来，或消除错误产生不合格品的可能性。（个人的重新翻译）
12. CRC 出版物《ADVANCED PRODUCTQUALITY PLANNINGTHE ROAD TOSUCCESS 先期产品质量策划(通向成功之路)》
第三章 PFMEA
PFMEA expectations
PFMEA期望
Mistake proofing has been used in addressing corrective actions - especially in inspection-dependent processes.
防错法已被用于应对纠正措施 - 特别是在依靠检查的过程中
13. ISO 10013:2021 质量管理体系 文件化信息指南（没看见胳膊腿版呢）
4.2.4.6 Automated workflows
自动化工作流
Automated workflows are processes that can manage and control the flow of activities in a defined sequence of tasks with pre-determined human intervention. When executing the activity, context-specific drop-down menus or popups can guide the user in completing the transaction. Automated workflows can enhance process consistency (i.e. mistake-proofing) and performance through the workflow design, and can result in automated decision-making through analysis of data in interrelated areas.
自动化工作流是在预定的人为干预下按规定的任务顺序管理和控制活动流程的过程。在实施活动时，针对特定环境的下拉菜单或弹出窗口可以指导使用者完成交易。自动化工作流可以通过工作流设计来增强过程的一致性（即防错）和绩效，并且可以通过分析相关区域的数据自动决策。（仅翻译）
就这类人啊，这也没意义、那也没意义，你们整出来个有意义的让人看看！
别TM的站着说话不腰疼。 这个按照定义的话 确实不好评价； 但是我们普遍的认为，不管是设计，制造，检测过程；只要能有效防止不合格品流出的措施就可以认为是防错！例如：我们公司自动化检测产品高度，发生不合格的，设备可以自动判断剔除，防止不合格品留到下一个工序；我们这边也叫防错！(个人观点) MXG0104 发表于 2024-8-26 08:20
这个按照定义的话 确实不好评价； 但是我们普遍的认为，不管是设计，制造，检测过程；只要能有效防止不合格 ...
你的理解是对的 个人认为防不合格品流出的探测装置不算防错，这是检验检测，防止探测装置使用过程中出现误测是防错 谢谢分享 谢谢分享 谢谢分享 谢谢分享 {:1_180:}{:1_180:} 谢谢分享 谢谢分享 感谢分享 谢谢分享