汽车行业术语缩写大全 (Abbreviations for automotive industry terms)
编号缩写英文全称及说明中文解释说明
10-100-30To produce products at full volume that meet Customerrequirements with 0 recordable injuries, 0 rejected parts per million, and100% on time delivery, 30 after launch.使正式生产的产品满足顾客要求，并确保0可记录事故，0RPPM，100%准时交付，在投产30天内。
20SA abbreviation which equals to PPAP零批量，类似于生产件批准程序
33/6/12MIS3/6/12 Month in Service Incidents per Thousand Vehicle使用3/6/12月的每千辆车故障数
42TPA abbreviation which means that supplier launchespre-production to verify the production capability. GM names it asGP9.两日生产，指供应商进行预生产来验证其批产能力。通用称为GP9
53C/CCCChina Compulsory Certification中国强制认证
63GGo and See, Get the Fact, Grasp the Countermeasure开展现场调查，了解问题根本原因，制定出有效措施
73MMuda, Mura, Mari浪费，无稳，无理（日文）——常作改善的核查点
83PPosition, Person, Performance岗位，能力，绩效（付薪制度）
94M1EMan, Machine, Material, Method, Environment人机料法环——现场管理五大要素，问题分析五大方面
105MMan, Machine, Material, Method, Measure人员，机器，材料，方法，测量
115M1EMan, Machine, Material, Method, Measure, Environment人机料法环测
125S1. Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seiketsu, Shitsuke1. 整理，整顿，清扫，清洁，修养（日语）
2. A tool to make unstable wasteful situations become visible earlier, then to allow for quicker more effective problem -solving.1S - Separate & Scrap, 2S- Straighten, 3S-Scrub, 4S-Standardized and Spread, 5S-Systemize.2.使不稳定因素和浪费的情况尽早地显露出来，以便快速有效地解决问题的方法。1S是分离和丢弃，2S是整理，3S是清洁，4S是标准化和推广，5S是系统化。
135W2HWho, What, When, Where, Why, How, How many何人，何事，何时，何地，为何，如何，多少
146 Sigma6 Sigma - Continuous improvement method that is designed toimprove products and services by improving the processes by which they are六西格玛——是持续改进方法之一，通过改进产品生产工艺而改进产品及服务。
158D8 Discipline, Method that approach to identify and eliminatethe root cause of a problem.问题解决的8个步骤法，明确并消除问题的根本原因的方法。
16AAR1. Appearance Approval Report1. 外观批准报告/外观手册
2. Audit Action Request2. 审核措施要求
17ABS1. Antilock Braking System1. 制动防抱死系统
2. Acrylonitrile Butadiene StyreneAcrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene2. 丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯，一种热塑性塑料合成聚合物树脂
18ACCAutomatic Cruise Control汽车巡航控制（系统）
19ADSLAsymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - a technology fortransmitting digital information at a high bandwidth on existing phone lines to homes and businesses,providing continously-available, "always on" connection,ADSL is asymmetric in that it uses most of the channel to transmit downstream to the user and only a small part to receive information from the user.非对称数字用户线——在现有的电话线上以高带宽传输数字信息的一项技术，提供永远在线的连接方式。因其使用大部分信道传输下行的到达用户端的信息，只一小部分传输上行数据，所以是非对称的。
20AFSAmerican Foundry Standards美国铸造标准
21AGAutomotive Group汽车集团
22AGVAutomatic Guided Vehicle自动导向车辆
23AIAGAutomotive Industry Action Group - AIAG is a famous globalorganization which is founded by Daimler-Chrysler AG,Ford Motor Co.,General Motors Corp..汽车工业行动集团——AIAG 成立于1982年，是戴姆勒-克莱斯勒 (DaimlerChrysler AG)、福特汽车(Ford Motor Co.)、通用汽车 (General Motors Corp.) 三大汽车公司共同创建的全球公认的著名的组织。
24AISIAmerican Iron and Steel Institue美国钢铁协会
25AMEAdvanced Manufacturing Engineer前期制造工程师
26AndonA Kind of Visual Control System暗灯系统（一种可视化的讯号系统）
27ANOMAnalysis of Means中位数分析
28ANOVAAnalysis of Variance方差分析
29ANSIAmerican National Standards Institute美国国家标准协会
30AOPAnnual Operating Plan年度运作计划
31AOQAverage Outgoing Quality平均出货质量
32AOQLAverage Outgoing Quality Limit平均出货质量界限
33APQPAdvanced Product Quality Planning先期产品质量策划
34APSAdvanced Planning and Scheduling前期计划和排程
35APWAverage Production Weekly周平均产能
36AQEAdvanced Quality Engineer前期质量工程师
37AQLAcceptable Quality Level接收准则
38AQPAdvanced Quality Planning前期质量策划
39APQPAdvanced Product Quality Planning产品质量先期策划
40ARRArchitectural Requirements Review外观需求评审
41ASAAmerican Standards Association美国标准协会
42ASGAutomotive Systems Group - Automotive Systems Group whichbelong to汽车系统集团——江森自控公司 (JCI)下属的汽车系统集团 (ASG).
43ASLApproved Supplier List - A list of approved suppliers qualified to supply certain types of commodities.合格供方清单——一份列出所有被验证的有资格提供某种类型产品的供应商的清单。
44ASNAdvanced Shipping Notice, A network operation system which helps suppliers inform customers those shipping related information such as quantity, control number before shipping.事先的发料单，指供应商应具有的一种交货提前通知的电脑连网操作系统。从而使其在出货之前，将出货资料诸如数量、货号等信息传递给客户。
45ASPApplication Services Provider - It's a company that offersindividuals or enterprises access over the Internet to applications and related services that would otherwise have to be located in their own personal or enterprise应用服务提供商——一种为个人或企业级用户提供通过Internet访问应用程序或相关服务的公司。从而，上述应用程序或相关服务就不必存在于用户自己的个人电脑或企业服务器上。
46ASQEAdvanced Supplier Quality Engineer前期供应商质量工程师
47ASSYAssembly总成
48ASTMAmerican Society for Testing and Materials美国材料实验协会
49ATAAnti-trap Algorithm防夹力算法
50ATIATI Industrial Automation公司名称，ATI工业自动化，主要业务为机器人末端执行器和自动化工
51ATMAsynchronous Transfer Mode - It's a dedicated-connectionswitching technology that organizes digital data into 53-byte cell units and transmits them over a physical medium using digital signal technology. Individually, a cell is processed asynchronously relative to other related cells and is queued before being multiplexed over the transmission path.异步传输模式——一种专用交换技术，它把数据分割成53字节的信元，用数字信号通过物理介质传输。每个信元独立异步传输，且在通过复用技术传输前被排队。
52ATSAnti Trap System汽车天窗的安全防夹系统
53ATT1. Anti Trap Test1. 汽车天窗的安全防夹功能的测试
2. Actual Take Time2. 实际单件工时
54AVAppraiser Variation评价者变差
55AWArc welding弧焊
56B2BBusiness to Business - It's the exchange of products, services,or information between businesses.电子商务交流平台——是指互联网上企业间产品、服务、信息的交换
。
57B2CBusiness to Customer - B2C is the retailing part of e-commerceon the Internet.企业对消费者的商务—— 是指互联网上开展的电子商务中网上零售业务部分。
58BBBlack Belt - Six sigma project coordinator黑带——6σ项目协调人
59BBPBest Busniess Practice最佳业务实践
60BBSBulletin Board System电子公告牌系统
61BCMBody Control Module车身控制模块
62BETBusiness Engagement Team业务报价团队
63BIBusiness Intelligence商务智能
64BIOSBasic Input Output System - It's the program a personalcomputer's microprocessor uses to get the computer system started after youturn it on. It also manages data flow between the computer's operating system and attached devices such as the hard disk, videoadapter, keyboard, mouse基本输入输出系统——它是个人电脑微处理器用来在电源打开后启动系统的程序,同时也管理操作系统和硬盘，显卡，键盘，鼠标，打印机等附加设备之间的数据流。
65BIWBody in White白车身
66BLTSBottom Load Top Slider汽车天窗的一种配置形式，滑轨在上部，天窗在车内滑动
67BMGBau Muster Genehmigung - A VW's abbreviation.产品工程样件性能检验认可(德文）——大众汽车集团通用缩略语。
68BOLBill of Labor工时清单
69BOMBill of Material - Diagram or record of all the components ofan item, the parent-component relationships and usagequantities.物料清单——所有零件，其上级零件关系和使用量的记录和图表。
70BOSBusiness Operating System - The integrative management systemof JCI, US.业务运作系统——美国江森自控汽车系统集团综合管理体系。
71BOTBill of Tooling工装清单
72BPRBusiness Process Reengineering业务流程再设计
73BRBurning Rate燃烧速度
74BSCBalanced Score Card平衡计分卡
75BSIBritish Standards Institute英国标准协会
76BSRBuzz, Squeak,and Rattle嗡嗡，吱吱，格格的噪声
77BTM
78BTPBuild to Print按图施工的项目
79BUBusiness Unit业务单元
80BUITBusiness Unit Information Technology业务单元信息技术
81C2CCustomer to Customer - Consumer self providing services orproduct is it is individual worker providing services to be given to by the form that the consumer, frequently sees other most otherconsumer消费者对消费者的商务——消费者本身提供服务或产品给其他消费者, 最常见的形态就是个人工作者提供服务给其他消费者
82CAChange Authorization - VW names it as AEKO.更改授权——有客户称为AEKO
83CA&PACorrection Action and Prevention Action纠正和预防措施
84CABCurtain Airbag气帘式安全气囊
85CADComputer Aided Design计算机辅助设计
86CAEComputer Aided Engineering计算机辅助工程
87CAMComputer Aided Manufacturing计算机辅助制造
88CAPEXCapital Expenditures资本性支出
89CARCapital Appropriation Request - Form established to approvespending money for capital assets.资本拨款申请——用于批准资本性支出的表格。
90CARECustomer, Acceptance, Review, Evaluation验证岗位（顾客，接受，评审，评估）
91CASEComputer-aided Software Engineering - It's the use of a computer-assisted method to organize and control the development of software,especially on large, complex projects involving many software components and people. Using CASE allows designers, code writers, testers, planners, and managers to share a common view of where a project stands at each stage of计算机辅助软件工程——使用计算机工具来帮助管理软件——特别是大的，复杂的，涉及很多组件和人员的项目——的开发。使用CASE可以让设计人员，开发人员，测试人员，计划人员及管理人员对项目进展的每一阶段都有一个统一的认识。
92CAT 5Category 5 cable used for computer connectivity5类用于电脑连接的网线
93CAT 6Category 6 cable used for computer connectivity6类用于电脑连接的网线
94CATIAComputer-Graphics Aided Three-Dimensional InteractiveApplication - Full wire frame, surface and solid modeling tool forcomputer-aided design.3-D制图软件——用计算机设计线框、曲面、实体模型的工具。
95CATVCable Television (Coaxial wire for sending video signals todisplays)发送显示的视频信号的同轴线
96CBUCustomer Business Unit - A kind of software which can help the customer to develop customer financial strategies, evaluate business cases, review and approve customer quotes as well as toResponsible for growth of assigned客户业务单元——一种可以用来帮助客户发展其经济平台，估算其商 务能力，报价以及对业务发展
97CC1. Critical Characteristics - CC are those product requirements(Dimensions, Specifications Tests) or process parameters which can affect compliance with government regulations or safe Vehicle/Product Function and which require specific producer, assembly, shipping or monitoring actions and inclusion on the Control Plan.1.关键特性——指那些能影响政府法规符合性或车辆/产品功能安全性，且应包括在控制计划之中需要特殊生产者，装配，发运，或监控措施的产品要求(尺寸，规范，试验)或过程参数。
2. Consolidation Center2. 货物集散中心——国际物流上解释为从不同供应商处取货后，再装为整箱发运
98CCPCritical Control Point关键控制点
99CCWCounter Clock Wise逆时针方向的
100CD-ROMCompact Disk,Read Only Memory - A mass data memory systemof CD(Compact Disc) format to change CD(Compact Disc) to DA(Digital只读光盘——将CD转换成数字音频的CD格式大容量数据记忆系统。
101CD-RWCompact Disk,Rewriteable - A rewriteable mass data memorysystem of CD(Compact Disc) format to change CD(Compact Disc) to DA(Digital可擦写光盘——将CD转换成数字音频的CD格式大容量可擦写数据记忆
102CE&TCapital Equipment and Tooling固定资产和设备
103CFCash Flow现金流
104CFTCross Functional Team横向职能小组
105CGICommon Gateway Interface - It's a standard way for a Web serverto pass a Web user's request to an application program and to receive data back to forward to the user.公用网关接口——Web服务器将Web用户请求传给应用程序并把返回数据传给用户的一种标准方法。
106CHESSCorporate Health, Environmental and Safety System安全、环境和员工健康提醒
107Christmas TreeChristmas Tree - Undirectional plastic pin that attachesmaterial to the frame with relative ease.圣诞树——无固定方向的塑料销，用于方便地连接其他材料和骨架。
108CIDContinuous Improvement Discusstion - Be used for performanceappraisal of salary staff, the appraisal grade is U(Unacceptable), LP(Less Than Full Performance), FP(Full Performance), E(Excellent), D(Distinguished).持续改进讨论——用于薪水工业绩评估,评估等级分为完全不合格/低 于合格/完全合格/优秀/杰出。
109CIFCost Insurance Freight - The CIF technical term middletranslated term or name adds a freight , closes a deal according to this technical term for cost increases a premium, the price of goods formation includes the from port of shipment to harbor arranging purpose's general freight and the premium arranging in the factor, therefore the seller gets rid of the identical duty outside having with CFR technical term , handle freight insurance right away for the buyer , deliver the insurance amount paying premium , insuring according to the general customs and usages of international trade , seller responding to according to CIF price addition 10%. Distinguish from if business both sides has not arranged concrete danger, the coverage that the到岸价——为成本加保险费加运费，按此术语成交，货价的构成因素中包括从装运港至约定目的港的通常运费和约定的保险费，故卖方除具有与CFR术语的相同的义务外，还就为买方办理货运保险，交支付保险费，按一般国际贸易惯例，卖方投保的保险金额应按CIF价加成10%。如买卖双方未约定具体险别，则卖方只需取得最低限底的保险险别.
110CIMComputer Integrated Manufacturing计算机集成制造
111CIPContinuous Improvement Plan - CIP is prepared concurrently withthe Operational Plan and documents the actions to be taken in response to the identified opportunities for people, process andproduct improvement.持续改进计划——持续改进计划是与运营计划同时制定的，并把识别出的对人员、工艺及产品改进机会所采取的措施文件化。
112CKDCompletely Knocked Down完全拆缷——是以全散件形式作为进口整车车型的一种专有名词术语，全散件可以是进口零部件，也可以是本地生产的零部件。在当地生产的零部件以较低的关税和较低的工资，利用当地劳动力组装成整
113CmkMachine Capability index设备能力指数
114CMMCoordinate Measurement Machine - An instrument used to measurethree dimensional size.三坐标测量仪——俗称三坐标，用于测量三维尺寸的仪器。
115CMTChina Management Team中国管理团队
116CNCComputerized Numerically Controlled数控成型生产小型或中型的批量较为复杂的样件
117C-NCAPChina - New Car Assessment Program中国新车评估测试
118COECenter of Excellence卓越中心
119Contribution MarginContribution Margin - It amounts to net sales minus variablecost. The variable cost, namely the cost in proportion toproduction or sales such as materials in concepts of western managementaccounting.边际贡献 - 公式＝销售净收入(已减去折扣与折让)－变动成本
120COP1. Customer Oriented Process1. 顾客导向过程
2. Carry Over Parts2. 沿用件
3. Curve on Panel
121COQCost of Quality质量成本
122COSCurve on Slider
123CpCapability Index of Process稳定过程的能力指数，定义为容差宽度除以过程能力，不考虑过程有
124CPControl Plan控制计划
125CPI1. Combined Probability of Injury1. 头胸伤害组合概率（用于NCAP评价）
2. Continuous Process Improvement2. 连续改进过程
126CPIPCurrent Product Improvement Process产品改进过程
127CpkComplex Process Capability index - The capability index for astable过程能力指数——稳定过程的能力指数。
128CPLComplex Process Lower Index稳定过程的下限能力指数，定义为容差范围下限除以实际过程分布宽
129CPMCorporate Performance Management公司绩效管理
130CPPMCustomer Parts Per Million顾客（产品更换）百万分率
131CPU1. Complex Process Upper Index1. 稳定过程的上限能力指数，定义为容差范围上限除以实际过程分布宽度上限
2. Center Process Unit - The central chip in computer to proceed data.2. 中央处理器——计算机中用于数据处理的核心芯片。
132CPV1. Cost Per Vehicle1. 每辆车索赔费用
2. Customer Product Volume2. 客户生产产量
133CQD
134CRMCustomer Relationship Management客户关系管理
135CRP1. Capacity Requirement Plan1. 能力需求计划
2. Cost Reduction Program2. 降价计划
136CRSChild Restraint System儿童保护系统
137CS1Controlled Shipping 1一级受控发运
138CS2Controlled Shipping 2二级受控发运
139CSOCraftsmanship Sign-Off精致工艺签发
140CTCycle Time周期时间
141CTDCumulative Trauma Disorder - Referring to is incorrect use thecomputer display or uses discomfort brought about by computer excessively, happen generally in need all the year round finesse organizes with chronic inflammation swelling , the main nerve wound appearing on meeting under grave condition from finesse to the arm becomes fragile , brings along pain重复性积累伤害——指的是不正确使用电脑显示器或者过分使用电脑所造成的身体不适，通常发生在需要长年累月使用电脑的职业中，手腕组织将慢性的发炎肿胀，严重的情况下还会出现伤口从手腕到手臂的主要神经变得脆弱，带来疼痛和手指僵硬。
and the finger in the occupation using a computer, rigid.
142CVISComplete Vehicle Inspection Standard整车检验标准
143CWClock Wise顺时针方向的
144DADeviation Authorization临时更改授权书——在未发放正式的ECR报告前，提供临时性更改的依据文件。
145DCPDynamic Control Plan动态控制计划(尺寸控制计划)
146DDPDelivery Duty Paid进口税已付，目的地交货
147DFDegree of Freedom自由度
148DFADesign for Assembly装配性设计
149DFMDesign for Manufacturing - Product delivery process with theobjective of attaining a product that may be easilymanufactured at a low cost.制造性设计——从低成本、易于制造的角度进行产品设计。
150DFMADesign for Manufacture and Assembly制造和装配设计
151DFMEADesign Failure Mode and Effects Analysis - Is a document usedto identify potential failure modes for the product.设计的潜在失效模式分析——用于确认产品潜在失效模式的文件。
152DHCPDynamic Host Config Protocol - it is a communications protocolthat lets network administrators manage centrally and automate the assignment of IP addresses in an organization's network.动态主机配置协议——使网络管理员能够集中管理和自动分配网络IP地址的通信协议。
153DINDeutsches Institut fǖr Normung - Germany industry standard德国标准化委员会(德文）——德国工业标准
154DIYDo It Yourself - Do It Yourself (DIY) refers to the practice offabricating or repairing things.自己动手——自己动手包括自己动手制造和修理东西。
155DLLDynamic Link Liberary - it is a grams, any of which can be called when needed by a larger program that is running in the computer. The small program that lets the larger program communicate witha specific device such as a printer or scanner is often packaged as aDLL program (usually referred to as a DLL file).动态链接库 -一种随时可被大软件调用的程序包,使大程序可同打印机，扫描仪之类设备通信,通常被打包成DLL程序（通常称为DLL文件）
。
156DMAICDefine/Measure/Analyze/Improve/Control - Technique where keyproduct- process performance variables are measured, analyzed, improved, and controlled using statistical methods.定义/衡量/分析/改进/控制——使用统计方法对关键产品工艺性能变量进行衡量，分析，改进，并控制的技术。
157DMRDiscrepant Material Report差异材料报告
158DNS1. Domain Network Server1. 区域网络服务器
2. Domain Name System - it is the way that Internet domain name are located and translated into IP addresses.2. 域名系统——查找Internet 域名并把它翻译成IP地址的系统。
159DOEDesign of Experiments试验设计——用应用统计方法进行策划、开展、分析和解释受控测试来评估控制变量值或变量组的因素。
160DOHDays on Hand存货周转周期
161DOSDays Of Store存货天数和库存天数
162DOSDisk Operation System - An operating system that resides on adisk.磁盘操作系统——磁盘操作系统是早期个人电脑上使用的一种主要操作系统，它是一个单用户单任务的操作系统。这是一个基于磁盘管理的操作系统。与我们现在使用的操作系统最大的区别在于，它是命令行形式的，靠输入命令来进行人机对话，并通过命令的形式把指令传给计算机，让计算机实现操作的。所以操作方式也非常简单，只需输
163DPCADongfeng Peugeot Citroen Automobile Co. Ltd神龙汽车有限公司
164DREDesign Release Engineer设计发布工程师
165DRLDirect Run Loss一次生产通过率损失
166DSODesign Sign-Off设计签发
167DTCDiagnostic Trouble Code故障诊断代码
168DTSDimensional Technical Specifications外观技术规格
169DUNSData Universal Numbering System邓氏编码
170DVDesign Validation设计验证
171DVPDesign Verification Plan - Document describing a plan forverifying that a product (in prototype form) will meet productspecifications.设计验证计划——确认产品符合产品技术规格的计划。
172DVP&RDesign Verification Plan and Report设计验证计划和报告
173EAMEnterprise Assets Management企业资产管理
174EBITEarnings Before Interest and Tax - Company profit excludinginterest and income tax.息税前利润——指企业所有者通过经营活动后,获得销售利润;不包括利息和缴纳所得税的盈利。
175EBOMEngineering Bill of Material工程物料清单
176ECEEconomic Community of Europe - The Economic Commission forEurope (ECE) was established in 1947 to encourageeconomic cooperation among its欧共体——欧洲经济委员会成立于1947年，目的是鼓励其成员间的经济合作
177ECMEngineering Change Management工程变更管理
178ECOEngineering Change Order - Includes a Change Impact Matrix to guide the implementation planning;indentifies all superseded and supersedingitems and documents by type,number and revision level.Provides a highlevel implementation plan for one or more approved ECR.工程变更指令——包括一个更改影响矩阵来指导实施计划，确定所有被取代和将要被取代的零件，并记录标明类型、数量和版本号。对一个或多个已批准的ECR发放高级别的实施计划。
179ECPEngineering Change Process工程更改流程
180ECREngineering Change Request - States the recommended action tosolve problems/initiate improvements/releasedocuments;defines the need for the工程变更申请——阐述了用于解决问题/发起改进/发放文件的推荐措施，规定了变更的需要。
181ECUElectronic Control Unit电子控制单元
182EDIElectronic Data Interchange - It's a standard format forexchanging business电子数据交换——一种交换商务数据的标准格式。
183EFDEFD Induction公司名称，易孚迪
184EHSExtremely Hazardous Substances非常有害的物质
185ELVEnd of Life Vehicle报废车辆
186EMCElectro Magnetic Compatibility电磁兼容性
187EMPBErst Muster Pruef Bericht - A VW's abbreviation.首批样件检验报告(德文）——大众汽车集团通用缩略语。
188EMSEnvironment Management System - The part of the overallmanagement system that includes organizational structure, planningactivities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, receivingand maintaining the环境管理系统——整个管理体系的一个组成部分，包括为制定、实施、实现、评审和保持环境方针所需的组织结构、计划活动、职责、惯例、程序、过程和资源。
189EOATEnd of Arm Tooling机械手末端工具
190EOL1. End of Line1. 流水线末端，线末
2. End of Life2. 寿命终止(可靠性术语)
191EPError Proofing - Removal of all potential causes of errorthrough design, process, or mistake proofing devices.防错——通过设计、过程或防止出错的装置来避免所有潜在出错的可能性。
192EPCRAEmergency Planning and Community Right-to-know Act应急计划
193EPDMEthylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer三元乙丙橡胶，含双环戊二稀
194EPICEnterprise Program Information Collaboration项目信息交流
195EPLEngineering Parts List工程零件表
196ERPEnterprise Resource Planning - It's an industry term for thebroad set of activities supported by multi-module application software that helps a manufacturer or other business manage the important parts of its business, including product planning, parts purchasing, maintaining inventories, interacting with suppliers, providing customer service, and tracking orders.企业资源计划——一个工业术语，是指制造业或其他企业用来管理生产计划、采购、库存、供应商、客户服务以及跟踪订单等重要业务的软件系统，也可包括财务及人力资源等方面。
ERP can also include application modules for the finance and human
197ERTEmergency Response Team - The team which is to deal with the emergency occurred in the company紧急抢险队——为对公司发生的突发事件作出迅速反应尽量减少损失而成立的队伍。
198ESDElectro-Static Discharge - It's a method to reduce the object'sstatic to safety scope according to the requirement of safety,product quality and etc.静电放电，防静电——考虑到安全性、产品质量等要求，将相关物体包括人体的固有静电降低至安全电位范围以内的一种手段。
199ESOEngineering Sign Off工程签署
200EVEquipment Variation设备变差
201EVAEconomic Value Added经济增加值（企业业绩评估方法）
202EVOPEvolutionary Operation调优运算
203EWOEngineering Work Order - The work order that direct TC to do design work.工程更改——指导TC进行设计工作的工作单。
204FAQFrequently Asked Question - the questions which are relatedwith a relational high frequency经常性问题——被提出的频率比较高的问题
205FATFiles Allocation Table - It's a table that an operating systemmaintains on a hard disk that provides a map of the cluster (the basic unit of logical storage on a hard disk) that a file has been stored in.文件分配表——操作系统维护在硬盘上的系统表，它提供了文件占用的簇（硬盘上基本的逻辑存储单元）的映象。
206FCAFree Carrier货交承运人
207FCSTForecast预测
208FEAFinite Element Analysis - Mathematical method to evaluate andpredict stress and deflection in manufactured components.有限元分析——评价和预测压力和变形的数学方法
209FGFinished Goods成品
210FIFOFirst In First Out - One of the inventory counting principles,often used in our country, namely the cost of inventory first in first added in product costs, so the inventory listed in balance sheets are close to market value.先进先出——这是存货计价核算的原则之一（中国常用），即采用先入库的存货，先进入生产成本，使资产负债表上的存货项目更接近现行成本。
211FMEAFailure Mode and Effects Analysis - A systematized group ofactivities intended to: 1)recognize and evaluate the potential of a product/process and its effects, 2)identify actions which could eliminate or reduce the chance of失效模式及后果分析——一组系统化的活动旨在：1)找出和评估产品/过程的潜在失效及其后果，2)确定能消除或减少潜在失效发生机会的措施，3)把过程文件化。
the potential failure occurring, and 3)document the process.
212FMSFlexible Manufacturing Systems柔性制造系统
213FMVSSFederal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard - Regulates allautomotive lighting, signalling and reflective devices in the United States.Like all other Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards, FMVSS is administered by the United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety车辆安全标准——美国调控所有汽车照明设备，发信号和反射性设备。象所有其它联邦机动车安全标准,FMVSS由美国运输部国道交通安全管理执行。
214FOBFree on Board - The total cost of the suppliers who are in charge of carrying the goods from the plant to the ship离岸价——供应商负责把货物从工厂运到船上的费用，这里包括拖柜费用、报关和租仓（如果存放时间比较久）的费用算在内的价格。
215FPIRFirst Piece Inspection Report首件检查报告
216FRWFriction welding摩擦焊
217FSBFront Seat Back - The backrest of the front seat of a car前排座椅靠背——汽车前排座椅的靠背
218FSCFront Seat Cushion - The cusion of the front seat of a car前排座椅座垫——汽车前排座椅的坐垫
219FSOFinancial Sign-Off财务签发
220FTAFault Tree Analysis故障树分析
221FTEFull Time Employee
222FTPFile Transmission Protocol - It's a standard Internet protocol,is the simplest way to exchange files between computers.文件传输协议，标准的互联网协议——标准的互联网协议，是因特网 上两个计算机间交换文件最简单的方式。
223FTQFirst Time Quality一次合格率
224FTTFirst Time Through首次合格率
225FWFlash welding闪光焊
226FYFiscal Year - The fiscal year of all enterprises iscorresponding to national accounting regulations, according to the rules of national financial department. The date of our country is from January 1 to December 31, western country is from April 1(or October 1) to March 31 next year(or会计年度——是根据每个国家的财政部规定的财政收支的年度。所有企事业会计核算年度必须与国家规定的会计核算的起迄日期一致。我国会计年度规定是从每年1月1日至12月31日。西方国家有从4月1日起(也常有是10月1日起)到下一年度3月31日(则到9月30日)至。少数国家是从每年7月1日起至下一年度的6月30日。
Sep.30), a few countries is from July 1 to June 30 next year.
227FYIFor Your Information供你参考
228G&AGeneral and Administrative Costs一般费用与行政费用
229GAGeneral Assembly通用的装配
230GBGuo Biao国家标准（中文）
231GCAGlobal Customer Audit全球客户评分 （通用汽车全球汽车评分标准）——模拟顾客的眼光，对可售车辆的质量状况进行评定。GCA规范仅适合于全球GM系统所有汽车制造厂，它规定了车辆抽样方案、设施要求、评审项目、评定方
232GD&TGeometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing - Method to minimize production costs by showing the dimension and tolerancing on a drawing while considering the functions or relationships of part features.几何尺寸与公差——在考虑零件功能或匹配关系时，通过在图纸上标明尺寸和公差来减少生产成本的方法。
233GDS1. Global Delivery Survey1. 全球交付审查
2. Global Delivery System2. 全球搬运系统
234GMGeneral Motors - General Motors Corporation (GM) is the world'slargest full-line vehicle manufacturer and marketer. Its arsenal of brands includes Chevrolet, Buick, Cadillac, Saturn, and Holden comprise GM's international通用（美国）——通用汽车公司是世界上最大的汽车交通工具制造商和销售商。雪佛兰，别克，凯迪拉克等一系列车型构成了通用汽车的国际品牌。
235GMAWGas Metal Arc Welding熔化极气体保护电弧焊
236GMAW-PGas Metal Arc Welding - Pulsed熔化极气体保护脉冲电弧焊
237GMAW-SGas Metal Arc Welding - Short-circuit Arc熔化极气体保护短路过度电弧焊
238GMSGlobal Manufacturing System全球制造系统
239GPGeneral Procedure通用程序
240GPCGage Performance Curve - Used for measuring the repeatabilityand variation量具性能曲线——用于评价量具的重复性和偏值。
of gage.
241GPDSGlobal Product Development System团队评估
242GPSGlobal Positioning System全球定位系统
243GQTSGlobal Quality Tracking System全球质量跟踪系统
244GR&RGauge Repeatability & Reproducibility量具（检具）重复性和再现性
245GSMGlobal System for Mobil Communication - A digital cellularphone technology based on TDMA that is the predominant system in Europe, but also used worldwide. Developed in the 1980s, GSM was first deployed in seven European countries in 1992. It operates in the 900MHz and 1.8GHz bands in Europe and the 1.9GHz PCS band in the U.S.全球移动通讯系统——一种基于时分多址技术的数字蜂窝电话技术，最先在欧洲应用，现在已经在全球范围内广泛应用。从20世纪80年代开始发展，GSM于1992年首先在七个欧洲国家实施应用，在欧洲使用900MHz和1.8GHz两个波段，在美国使用1.9GHz波段。
246GSTGross Sales Tax销售总额税
247GVDPGlobal Vehicle Development Process整车开发流程
248GVWGross Vehicle Weight车辆总重
249HMCHyundai Manufacturing Company韩国现代
250HMIHuman Machine Interface人机界面
251HRHuman Resources人力资源
252HSEHealth Safety Environment职业健康和环境与安全体系
253HTKOHard Tooling Kick-off硬模启动
254HTMLHyper Text Markup Language - it is the set of markup symbols orcodes inserted in a file intended for display on a World Wide Web browser page.超文本标识语言——一组被插入在可用Web浏览器显示的文件中的标识符号或代码的集合
255HVACHeating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning加热、通风和空气调节
256I/OInput/Output输入/输出
257ICTInformation Communication Technology信息、通信和技术，在线测试仪
258IDCInternational Data Company国际数据公司
259IDFIntermediate Distribution Frame电脑网络下部构造的中间配线架
260IDPIndividual Development Plan -Be used for career development ofsalary个人发展计划——用于薪水工职业发展。
261IEIndustrial Engineering工业工程
262IGESInitial Graphics Exchange Specification美国国家标准，它使得图形和基本几何数据可在绘图和造型系统之间
263ILUOHourly skill assessment standard - ILUO describes the skill level, I- undergoing training with constant supervision,L-be able to operate but requires some supervision, U-consistentlyoperates without supervision,O-understanding and complies with standard,φ-be a trainer小时工技能评估标准——ILUO描述了员工技能的不同等级和水平，I需培训并经常监督指导，L能操作但需偶尔指导，U无需指导即能进行操作，O理解并遵循标准，φ完全可以作培训员。
264IMDSInternational Material Data System国际材料数据系统（汽车行业）
265IMTInalfa Management Team英纳法管理团队
266IP1. Instrument Panel1. 仪表板
2. Investment Proposal2. 投资假设
3. Internet Phone - Internet Phone is one kind of telegraphic commercial software based on internet, which can transmit voice via networks.3. 网络电话——网络电话是一种结构在互联网络上用语音交谈的通信商业软件，可以实现网上实时交谈。
267IPAIso-propyl Alcohol, Isopropanol异丙醇
268IPC1. Integrated Production Control (Software for Shop Floor1. 综合生产控制（用于工厂的软件）
2. Initial Production Containment - Special production control during the period from PPAP to SOP to ensure product quality, such as 100% inspection, increasing spot check, GM names it as GP-12.2.初始生产抑制或早期生产遏制——指从PPAP到SOP期间进行的特别生产质量控制。如100％全数检查，增加抽查频次，通用公司将其简称为GP-12。
269IPPMInner (Internal) Parts per Million内部（产品缺陷）百万分率
270IPTVIncidents per Thousand Vehicles每千辆车故障数
271IPVInternal Product Volume内部生产产量
272IRIncident Report事故报告
273IRRInternal Rate of Return - The investment decision-making isbased on discount rate by measuring the current value of future cash flow in and内部回报率——通过测算需投资项目的未来现金流入的现值的假设下，所求得的贴现率(即项目内含报酬率),再参考银行存款的利息率进行比较，进行投资决策
consulting the interest rate of the bank.
274IRSInalfa Roof System英纳法天窗系统
275ISDNIntegrated Services Digital Network - It's a set of standards for digital transmission over ordinary telephone copper wire as well as overother media. Integrated Services Digital Network in concept is the integration of both analog or voice data together with digitaldata over the same network.综合服务数字网络——一组通过普通电话线或其它介质传输数字信号的标准。综合业务数字网从概念上说是把语音或模拟信号同数字信号集成于同一网络。
276ISIRInitial Sample Inspection Report初始样件检验报告
277ISOInternational Standards Organization - Including differentkinds of technical standardization for every walk of life. The organization aims at promoting the standardization and the development of relevant activities in worldwide, for国际标准化组织——主要设计各行业各种产品的技术规范，该组织旨在“在世界上促进标准化及其相关活动的发展，以便于商品和服务的国际交换”。
the consideration of convenience in international exchange of commodity
278ISO/TS16949ISO/TS16949 - International automotive quality systemrequirements国际汽车行业质量体系标准
279ISO14001ISO14001 - Environment Management System Standard环境管理体系标准
280ISO9001ISO9001 - International quality system requirements国际质量体系标准
281ISPInternet Services Provider - It's a company that providesindividuals and other companies access to the Internet and otherrelated services such as Web site building and virtual hosting.互联网服务提供商——一种为个人或企业级用户提供Internet接入或其它相关服务如Web网站架设和虚拟主机服务的公司。
282ISRInitial Sample Report初始样件报告
283ISWInitial Sample Warrant初始样件保证书
284ITInformation Technology信息技术
285ITRInventroy Turnover Rate库存周转率
286IVERIntegration Vehicle Engineering Release集成车工程发布
287IWInduction welding感应焊
288J-clipJ-clip - Plastic trim fastener in shape of J .J型条——像J形状的塑料紧固条。
289JCMSJohnson Controls manufacturing system - JCMS originates fromToyota Lean Manufacturing System which includes 5S/Visual management,standardized work, problem solving, kaizen, constraint management,quick changeover, total productive maintenance, kanban, error proofing, etc.江森自控制造体系——源自丰田汽车创立的精益生产体系，包括5S和可视化管理、标准化工作、问题解决、改善、制约管理、快速切换、全员生产维护、看板和防错等工具。
290JDJob Description岗位描述
291JDJob Description - The job's responsibility, knowledge and skillrequirement, qualifications，his/her boss and etc.岗位描述——该岗位的工作职责、知识及技能要求、资格要求、汇报责任等。
292JISJob Instruction Sheets作业指导书
293JITJust in Time - A production and inventory method popularized bythe Japanese whereby materials and supplies are delivered to the production site at the precise time they are needed rather than being stockpiled in a warehouse at the production site for a futureneed.及时供货——一种由日本人推广普及的生产和库存方式。它的理念是将原材料和供应品准时地按照客户要求发送到生产地点，而不是储存在生产所在地的仓库中以备后用。
294KaizenImprove - Incremental, measurable continuous improvement.Technique reflected by on-going, incremental small changesthat have positive impact.改善（日语）——持续的、可量度的持续改进。通过有正面影响的、不断进行中的、增值的小的改变反映出的技术
295KanbanAuthorization to make product-using cards, signals, or similarmechanisms to communicate process demand upstream.看板（日语），利用卡片、信号或其它类似的机制来与生产过程的上游联络，从而授权生产。工厂现场管理展示各种信息的展示板的统称
296KCCKey Control Characteristics关键控制特性
297KCDSKey Characteristic Designation System关键特性标识系统
298Kick-off MeetingKick-off Meeting - The first meeting to start a new project.项目启动会议——一个项目启动时开的第一次会议。
299KMKnowledge Management知识管理
300KPCKey Product Characteristics - A product characteristic for which reasonably anticipated variation could significantly affect the product's safety or its compliance with government regulations and is likely to significantly affect customer satisfaction.关键产品特性——指该性能的合理预期偏差会对产品的安全性、符合国家规范或法规以及用户的满意产生极大的影响。
301KPHKilometers per Hour公里/小时
302KPIKey Performance Indicator关键绩效指标
303LANLocal Area Network - A compunication net formed byinterconnections of various computers, peripheral equipments and databases within an local area. It is always used to link personal computers and workstation in an office or a plant so as to share resource(eg.printer) and exchange information.局域网——是在一个局部的地理范围内,将各种计算机、外围设备、数据库等互相连接起来组成的计算机通信网。常被用于连接公司办公室或工厂里的个人计算机和工作站，以便共享资源（如打印机）和交换信息。
304LATLot Acceptance Testing批量可接受试验
305LBCLaser beam cutting激光切割
306LBWLaser beam welding激光焊
307LCLLower Control Limit下控制限
308LCRLean Capacity Rate正常生产能力
309LDTLaunch Deployment Team信息技术中启动部署团队
310Lead TimeLead Time - The duration from confirming order to productdelivery.准备时间——定单确认至交货的时间。
311LEPCLocal Emergency Planning Committee本地应急情况编制委员会
312LEVLow Emissions Vehicle低排放车
313LHLeft Hand左手
314LIFOLast in first out - One of the inventory counting principlesoften used in western countries, it allows the enterprise adds the cost of inventory last into sales cost first, and so the sales cost is close to maket value while the price后进先出——这是常用于西方国家存货计价核算的原则。允许企业为了减少风险，把后入库的存货先进入销售成本。这样在物价上升时，使销货成本更接近于现行成本。
315LINLocal Interconnect Network局域互联网络
316LMCLeast Material Condition最小量材料条件
317LPALayered Process Audit - Layered Process Audits (LPA) are asystem of audits performed by multiple levels of management. Key process characteristics are audited frequently to verify processconformance.分层审核——分层过程审核(LPA)是由多个管理层进行的系统审核。对
关键过程特性进行频繁的审核以验证过程符合性
318LRRLaunch Readiness Report投产准备报告
319LSLLower Size Limit规格下限——一个与CPK（过程能力指数）相关的概念，表示的是样本数据在规格范围内的允许最小值，它与规格上限之差的绝对值既是规
Lower Specification Limit
320LTALong Term Agreement长期降价计划
321LTLLong Term Lease长期的协议
322LVDTLinear Variable Differential Transformer线性可变差动变压器，属于直线位移传感器
323MAMath Matching数模匹配
324MARSMeasurement Analysis and Reporting Systems测量分析和报告系统
325MBMatch Body车身匹配
326MBOMManufacture Bill of Material制造物料清单
327MCMatching Activity匹配性评估活动
328MCRMaximum Capacity Rate最大生产能力
329MDDR/DMRMaterial Defective Data Report缺陷产品数据报告
330MEManufacturing Engineer制造工程师
331MEQManufacturing Engineering Quality Standard - The goal of MEQ isto achieve zero defect, 100 percent efficiency within thirty days after SOP.制造工程质量标准——MEQ的目标是0－100－30，即在开始生产的三十天内达到零缺陷和百分之一百效率。
332MESManufacture Executive System制造执行系统
333MIMeasure Index尺寸符合率
334MilestoneMilestone - The deadline we must finish the related job.时间节点——我们必须完成相关工作的时间期限。
335MISManagement Information System - Ergonomic system which canprovide the information service for the management decision-making,establishes with the systemic ideology,take the computer as the basicinformation processing method,and take the modern communication equipmeny as basical管理信息系统——用系统思想建立起来的，以电子计算机为基本信息处理手段，以现代通讯设备为比本传输工具，且能为管理角色提供信息服务的人际系统。
transmission implement.
336Misc.Miscellaneous expenses/Petty - Miscellaneous payout that is noton plan.零星费用——不纳入报告计划的零散开销费用。
337MMCMaximum Material Condition最大量材料条件
338MMSMaterials Management System - A system aim to accuratelyreflects all material suppliers and components/material data.材料管理系统——用于精确反映所用材料供应商和零件/材料数据的系统。
339MOSManufacture Operation System - Describe the processes used forproduct manufacturing in BOS.生产运作系统——BOS中描述产品制造使用的流程。
340MPDMeasurement Points Drawing测点图
341MPGMiles per Gallon每加仑英里数
342MPHMiles per Hour每小时英里数
343MPSMaster Productin Schedule主生产计划
344MPVMulti Purpose Vehicle多用途车
345MQAManufacture Quality Assurance制造品质保证
346MQCManufacturing Quality Control制造质量控制
347MQRMaterial Quality Review - Quality Management actions taken dueto supplier product quality problems.物料质量评审——由于供应商产生的质量问题而采取的质量管理行动
。
348MRDMaterial Receipt Date物料到货时间
349MRFManufacturing Readiness Review制造准备工作评审
350MROMaintenance, Repair and Operations维护，维修和操作
351MRP1. Material Requirements Planning - Establishing and reviewing scheduling parameters for supplied components/materials.Communicatingaccurate and timely material requirements to each material supplier.1. 物料需求计划——对供给的零件/材料建立和回顾时序安排参数。对每个材料供应商提供准确的信息和及时的材料要求。
2. Manufacturing Resource Planning - It's a kind of management information system widely accepted by manufacturers today and an important part of Enterpise Resource Planning (ERP) system, which focuses on the planning2.生产资源规化——是当今制造业普遍采用的一种以工业工程的计划和控制为主线的、体现物流与资金流集成的管理信息系统，是企业资源计划（ERP）的重要组成部分。
and control of industrial process and represents the integration of cash flow
352MSA1. Measurement Systems Analysis - The analysis to a completeprocess used to obtain measurements.1. 测量系统分析——通过对获得测量结果的整个过程进行分析和评定,以选择适用的测量系统。
2. Master Supply Agreement - The contract includes information about price, frequency of delivering goods, convention of secrecy, etc., which is subscribed before the business with the customer.2. 主供货协议——和客户进行货物买卖之前签订的一个有关价格、送货频次、保密协定等的合同。
353MSDSMaterial Safety Data Sheet - Recorded all those informationrelating to the material or product to make them to be used correctly and safely. Those information includes physical and chemical characters, fire and explosion protection, Health and saftey, leak and disposal, sepecial caution and so on.物料安全数据表——用来描述某中材料或产品的各项信息以确保其被正确安全地使用。信息一般包括其物理和化学性质、防爆防火、健康安全信息、泄漏和废弃处置以及和特殊警告防护信息等。
354MSOManufacturing Sign-Off制造签发
355MTBFMean Time Between Failures平均故障间隔时间（常用设备参数之一）
356MTTRMean Time To Repair平均修复时间（常用设备参数之一）
357MYModel Year - The model year during which the program willlaunch.车型年——在车型年中项目启动。
358MYModel Year产品年
359N/ANot Applicable不适用
360NANorth America北美
361NCNumerically Controlled数控
362NCAPNew Car Assessment Program欧洲新车评估测试
363NDTNon destructive Testing非破坏性试验和评估
364NGNo Good - A term used in Japan.不好——一日本术语。
365NINational Instrument美国国家仪器公司，公司名称，主要业务为数据测试设备
366NPVNet Present Value - return an investment based on a discountrate and a sense of future payment (negative values) andincome (positive values)净现值——将投资期间每年的投资支出与投资后的收益的净额，按照符合客观的现值率计算出(净流入或流出的)净现值。
367NSNot Sale新产品试制非销售阶段
368NVANon Value Added非增值
369NVHNoise Vibration and Harshness噪声，振动与不平顺性
370OCSOccupant Control Sensor用于座椅是否被坐着的控制传感器
371ODSOperator Description Sheets - Operation description sheet isthe document which tell how to do something with in details.It tells you the way and requirement which must be done of certainposition,job or activity.作业指导书——作业指导文件是详细规定某项活动如何进行的文件。主要针对某个特定的岗位、工作或活动规定完成此项工作或活动必须达到的要求和方法。
372OEEOverall Equipment Effectiveness设备综合效率
373OEMOriginal Equipment Manufacturer - The roiginal equipmentmanufacturer is the one which has its own production or ownproductive technology and sometime buy the service of other company to finsh its production.原始设备制造厂/主机厂——设备制造商（OEM）是指拥有自己的产品或产品理念，但有时会为了开发和/或制造这些产品而购买某些服务的公司。
374OHSASOccupational Health and Safety Assessment Series - To manageall occupational safety and health risk relating to business, which includes plan, implement, achieve, audit and maintain the organization, planning acitvity, responsiblity, pratices, procedure, process andresource for the OHS policy.职业健康安全管理评价体系——组织全部管理体系中专门管理与其业务相关的职业安全卫生风险的部分，包括制定、实施、实现、评审和保持职业安全卫生方针所需的组织机构、规划活动、职责、惯例、程序、过程和资源。
375OILOpen Issue List开口问题清单
376Organization ChartOrganization Chart - The chart descript the realationship ofthe clerks, departments and groups.组织机构图——表示人员，部门，群组关系的图表。
377OSHAOccupational Safety & Health Administration职业安全和健康管理
378OTDOn Time Delivery及时供货
379OTSOff Tooling Sample - OTS parts are made out of production dieswith production tooling fixtures and production checking fixtures. It is assembled at the selected local supplier and bench test validated. It should have same localized content as SORP.The parts could utilize simulated production processes to manufacture. Production machine and production line rate are工装样件——指采用生产用模具、检夹具，在当地制造并经台架试验合格的零部件；其国产化率应与正式生产件相同，但可以采用模拟生产工艺、不用生产用的机床设备、不按生产节拍。
380PAPrograme Approve项目批准
381PA6Polyamide-6聚酰胺6或尼龙6
382PAAProduction Action Authorization生产行动授权
383PARETOA kind of chartPareto图，排列图，按事件发生的频率排序而成
384PBXPrivate Branch Exchange - It's a telephone system within anenterprise that switches calls between enterprise users on locallines while allowing all users to share a certain number of external phone lines.用户级交换机——即公司内部使用的电话业务网络，一种公司内部的电话系统，能够交换公司内线电话，同时容许所有用户共享几根外线。
385PC&LProduction Control & Logistics Dept.生产控制与物流部（上海通用物流部门）
386PCBPrintd Circuit Board印刷电路板
387PCBAPrinted Circuit Board Assembly印刷电路板组件
388PCIPeripheral Component Interconnect - PCI is an interconnectionsystem between a microprocessor and attached devices in which expansion slot are spaced closely for high speed operation.周边元件扩展接口——PCI是微处理器同附属设备的一种连接系统，这
种系统的扩展槽排列得很近，以提高操作速度。
389PCMCIAPersonal Computer Member Card Internet Association - It's an industry group to promote standards for a credit card-size memory or I/Odevice that would fit into a personal computer, usually a notebook or laptop computer. Probably the most common example of a PCMCIA card is the 28.8 Kbps modem for notebook computers.个人计算机存储卡国际协会——一个工业组织，致力于促进一种可插入个人电脑，通常是笔记本电脑的，信用卡大小的内存或I/O设备的标准化。最常用的PCMCIA卡可能就是笔记本电脑用的28.8K的modem。
390PCPProcess Control Plan过程控制计划
391PCPAProcess Control Plan Audit过程控制计划审核
392PCR1. Product Cost Request1. 产品成本申请
2. Problem Communication Report2. 问题交流报告——PCR报告是对一个问题所有相关事实因素的综合陈述，它有助于我们说明问题的Who What When Where Why五个方面。它为记录问题的解决措施提供了书面格式。
393PCSPieces块、件、片等
394PD-1PD-1 (Project Definition)方案定义
395PD-2PD-2 (Engineering Cost Analysis)工程成本分析
396PDA1. Physical Defination Analysis1. 物理特性分析
2. Personal Digital Assistant - It is a term for any small mobile hand-held device that provides computing and information storage and retrieval capabilities for personal or business use, often for keeping schedule calendars and address book information handy.2. 个人数字助理——指为个人用户或商业用户提供计算、信息存储的小型移动手持设备，通常有记事本和地址簿功能。
397PDCAPlan Do Check Act - Previding a progressive measure to aprocess, do it, check the result and take a suitable action toimprove it.计划-实施-检查-行动循环——一个以科学方法为基础的改善循环。对 一个过程提出改善方案，实施这个方案，评测结果，然后再采取适当
398PDF1. Portable Document Format1. 一种文件格式
2. Packaging Data Forms2. 包装数据表
399PDFSSProduct Development for Six Sigma - The utilization ofstatistical methods and tools to predict and improve qualtiy before building prototypes, and then verifying that quality with pilots,pre-production and production units.产品开发六西格玛——使用统计方法和工具在制造样品前来预计和改善质量，然后以小批量试生产和生产件来确认其质量。
400PDIPre-Delivery Inspection发运前检查
401PDMProduct Data Management - PDM systems are used within companies to organize, access and manage information related to its products.PDM systemserve all the people who create or need timely access to accurateproduct information in design, engineering andmanufacturing.产品数据管理——用于组织、获得和管理产品相关信息的系统，可以及时服务于设计、工程和制造相关人员创立或是获得产品信息。
402PDS1. Production Development System1. 产品开发系统
2. Physical Defination System2. 物料特性系统
403PEProduct Engineering产品工程
404PEILPotential Environmental Issues List - A list contains anypotential ergonomic潜在环境问题清单——包含一个项目中所有潜在人机工程问题的清单
issue of a project.。
405PET1. Program Executive Team1. 项目执行小组
2. Polyethylene Terephthalate Plastic2. 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇脂塑料
406PF&DPersonal Fatigue & Delays个人，疲劳和延迟
407PFDProcess Flow Diagram过程流程图
408PFEPPlan for Every Part单一零件清单
409PFMEAProcess Failure Mode and Effects Analysis - Is a document usedto identify potential failure modes for the process.过程的潜在失效模式分析——用于确认过程潜在失效模式的文件
410PHILPotential Hazards Issues List潜在安全问题清单
411PIProcess Index过程能力符合指数
412PIFFProgram Initiation Feasibility Form项目初始可行性分析报告
413PKRProgram Knowledge Review项目知识评审
414PLCProgrammable Logic Controller可编程的逻辑控制器
415PLMProduct Lifecycle Management产品生命周期管理
416PLPProgram Launch Process项目投产流程
417PltPlant工厂/车间
418Plt MgrPlant Manager工厂经理
419PLUSProduct Launch System - Describe the steps for product orprocess产品投产系统——BOS中描述产品或过程开发的步骤。
development in BOS.
420PM1. Preventative Maintenance - Maintain instrument or equipmentperiodical before it comes tomalfunction to insure it works properly.1. 预防性维修——在设备发生故障前定期的保养以保证设备的正常运行。
2. Program Management2. 项目管理
421PMPProduct Management Plan生产管制计划
422PNPart Number - The incode to indicate the part.零件号——用以表示识别零件的。
423POPurchase Order - A purchase agreement in form of sheet withsupplier.采购订单——与供应商之间达成的一种书面化的采购协议。
424PODSPassanger Oppenancy Detection System乘客是否坐着的探测系统
425Poka YokeError proofing device防错
426POMPolyoxymethylene聚甲醛，一种没有侧链，高密度，高结晶性的线型聚合物
427PpPreliminary Process Performance, Performance Index of Process初始过程性能——过程性能指数，定义为不考虑过程有无偏移时，容差范围除以过程性能
428PPAProduct Planning Approval产品规划批准
429PPAPProduction Part Approval Process - To determine if all customerengineering design record and specification requirements are properlyunderstood by the supplier and that the process has the potential to produce product meeting these requirements during an actual production run at quoted production生产零件批准过程——用来确定客户工程设计记录和规格要求被供应商恰当地理解；同时，在实际生产中，在要求的生产速率下，工艺具备制造达标产品的潜力。
430PPCProduction Plan Control生产计划控制
431PPEPersonal Protective Equipment - It is a protection equipmentthat can protect labour from accidents.个人防护设备——指劳动者在生产过程中为免遭或减轻事故伤害或职业危害的所配备的一种防护性装备。
432PPHProblems per Hundred每百辆车的问题
433PPHRPast Problem History Roadmap以往问题历史路径图
434PpkPreliminary Process Capability - Short-term study conducted toobtain early information on the performance of new or revisedprocesses .初始过程能力——开展短期研究来获得有关新或更改的工艺表现的早期信息。
435PPMParts per Million - number/1000000.（产品缺陷）百万分率——数值/1000000得出的比例。
436PPSCPotential Product Safety Concern - Any potentialsafety/compliance issue潜在产品安全关注——任何潜在的安全/符合性问题
437PQPTProduction Quality Plan Team产品质量策划小组
438PRPerformance Review绩效评估
439PR&RProblem Reporting and Resolution问题报告和决议（通用汽车问题解决的一种形式）
440Process Flow ChartProcess Flow Chart - Visual approach to describing anddeveloping sequential or related work activities. It provides both a means of communication and analysis for planning,development activities and工艺流程图——用视觉图表来描述和开发相关工作活动，以提供策划、开发活动和制造过程交流和分析方法。
441PrototypePrototype - Parts are to be made to authorized drawings,templates, models, and/or other engineering design records, using specified materials. Prototype Samples manufacturing conditions could be different from regular production requyirements, such as soft tooling, simplified fixture,...etc.手工样品——按认可的图纸、样板、模型和/或其它工程设计资料，使用指定的材料制造的样件。样件可按某些不同于正规生产要求的方法制造，如使用软模具，简易夹具等。样件用于认证设计。
442PRPProduct Realization Plan产品实现计划
443PRTSProblem Resolution & Tracking System问题解决和跟踪系统
444PSAPotential Supplier Assessment潜在供应商评估
445PSDProblem Solving Document - Systematic problem sloving methodform of问题解决报告 - 问题系统解决方法表式，如8D。
JCI, eg. 8D.
446PSOProcess Sign-off - PSO originated from Daimler-Chysler is aprocess audit on people, machine, material, method, enviroment, process, software, fixture and tooling and so on under the condition of supplier highest daily production speed.过程签发（工艺认证）——源于戴姆勒克莱斯勒，是对供应商实施的最高日生产节拍下的生产工艺审核。包括人、机、料、法、环、程序、软件和工装等。
447PSWParts Submission Warrant零件提交保证书
448PTRProduction Trail Run生产试运行——在产品SOP之前对产品的工艺及生产设备和生产人员的
449PV1. Product Validation - Analysis performed to verifyconformance to all specification requirements when product is constructedusing production processes, equipment and tools.1. 生产验证——进行分析来确认所有技术规格要求的一致性，测试用产品应使用批量生产过程、设备和工装来制造。
2. Parts Variation2. 零件变差
3. Present Value - valued by current value3. 现值——换算至目前的价值
450PVSProduktions Versuchs Serie - A VW's abbreviation.批量试生产（德文）——大众汽车集团通用缩略语。
451PXIPCI extensions for Instrumentation面向仪器系统的PCI扩展，是一种由NI公司发布的坚固的基于PC的测
量和自动化平台
452QAQuality Assurance质量保证
453QADAn EPR System Company Name一个EPR软件公司名称
454QAPQuality Assurance Planning质量保证计划
455QCQuality Control质量控制
456QCCQuality Control Circles质量圈
457QCOQuality Change Over快速切换
458QCOSQuality Control Operation Sheets质量记录表
459QEQuality Engineer质量工程师
460QFDQuality Function Deployment - A structured method in whichcustomer requirements are translated into appropriate technical requirements for each stage of product, development and production.质量功能展开——是一种结构化的方法，用这种方法把顾客的要求转化为产品每一个阶段(开发和生产)适当的技术要求。
461QMQuality Management质量管理
462QOSQuality Operation System质量运作系统
463QPNQualifizierungs Programm Neuteile新零件质量提升计划（德文）
464QSQuality System质量体系
465QS-9000QS-9000 - Quality system requiements of American big three美国三大汽车公司质量体系标准
466QSAQuality System Assessment - A manual which is used foridenifying the system is compliance with the QS9000 systemrequirements or not.质量系统评估——用于确定体系是否符合QS9000质量体系的要求。
467QSBQuality System Basic Audit质量体系基础评审(通用）
468QSRQuality System Requirements质量体系要求
469QSTPQuality, Service, Technic, Price质量,服务,技术,价格
470QtyQuantity数量
471QUESTQuality Excellence and Systems Training质量卓越和体系培训
472QWSQuotation Work Sheet报价工作表
473R&RRepeatablility And Reproductivity - Repeatability is thevariation in measurements obtained with one gage when used several times by one appraiser while measuring a characeristic on one part. Reproducibility is the variation in the average of the measurements made by different appraisers using the same gage when measuring acharacteristic on one part.重复性和再现性——重复性是由一个评价人，采用一种测量仪器，多次测量同一零件的同一特性时获得的测量值变差。再现性是由不同的评价人，采用相同的测量仪器，测量同一零件的同一特性时测量平均值的变差。
474R@RRun at Rate - It’s to run according to the client’s requirementrate, so the equipoise production can come true.节拍生产——按照客户的要货节拍进行生产，以保持各工序和产品生产的节奏性，实现均衡生产。
475RABRegistrar Accreditation Board注册认证局
476RAMRandom Access Memory随机存取存储器
477Ramp-upRamp-up - The time the program takes to get to normal speed.爬坡——增量或渐进， 即无须等待时间，直接执行或实现。
478RAP function
479RCRAResource Conservation & Recovery Act资源保持和恢复
480RDC1. Regional Distribution Center1. 区域配送中心
2. Re-Delivery Center2. 重新分包装中心（上海通用物流仓库的通称）
481RFIDRadio Frequency Identification无线射频识别技术
482RFPRequest for Proposal建议请求
483RFQRequest for Quotation - The tabulation used to inquire theprice of production or material.报价需求表——用来询问产品或者原料价格的表格。
484RHRight Hand右手
485RMS1. Resource Management System1. 资源管理系统
2. Root Mean Square2. 均方根值
486ROAReturn on Assets - EBIT/NOA资产回报/盈利率——公式：息税前利润除以全部资产的百分率
487ROHSthe Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances电气、电子设备中限制使用某些有害物质指令
488ROSReturn on Sales - EBIT/SALES销售回报率——公式：息税前利润除以年销售总额的百分率
489RPMRevolutions per Minute每分钟转速
490RPNRisk Priority Number - RPN is the product of Severity(S),Occurrence(O), and Detection(D) rankings.风险顺序数——风险顺序数(RPN)是严重度数(S)，频度数(O)和不易探 测度数(D)的乘积。
491RPPMReject Parts per Million - The number of production thatcustomer reject to accept and this number is calculated permillion.客户拒收百万分率——每百万件产品中客户拒绝接受的数目。
492RPSRRobust Problem Solving Report根本问题解决报告
493RSBRear Seat Back - Rear Row Seat Back后座椅靠背——后排座椅靠背。
494RSORequirements Sign-Off需求签发
495RSWResistance Spot Welding点焊
496RTTRResource Tool Tracking Report设备资源跟踪报告
497RTYRolled Throughput Yield - The computation of RTY provides amethod to identify opportunities for improvement and to characterize the process steps which will unveil the hidden factory.滚动产出率——RTY的计算提供了一种识别改进机会的方法和突显出能揭露隐藏工厂的步骤。
498S&RSqueak & Rattle车辆行驶时摩擦、振动噪音，泛指异响
499S.W.I.P.E.Standard, Workpiece, Instrument, Person/Procedure, Environment标准，零件，仪器，人/程序，环境(测量系统分析误差模型）
500S/NSignal-to-Noise Ratio信噪比
501SABSide Airbag - when crash occur, the air bag that set in theoutboard of driver seat is used to protect the trunk of occupant.侧面安全气囊——靠门一侧安装的由传感器、微处理器、气体发生器和气囊等部件组成侧面安全气囊。
502SAESociety of Automotive Engineers汽车工程师协会
503SAICShanghai Automotive Industry Corp. Group上海汽车工业（集团）总公司
504SBR Seat Belt Reminder座椅安全带提醒装置
505SC1. Significant Characteristics - Any design characteristic for which reasonably anticipated variation is likely to significantly affectcustomer satisfaction with a product such as its fit, function, mounting or appearance, or the ability to process or build the product.1. 重要特性——任何由于其可能的变化而显著地影响客户对产品的满意度，例如配合、功能、安装和外观、工艺能力和产品制造能力。
2. Special Characteristics2. 特殊特性
506SCASCA Schucker公司名称，SCA苏格，主要业务为涂胶系统
507SCMSSupply Chain Management System供应链管理系统
508SCUSunroof Control Unit天窗控制单元
509SDESupplier Development Engineer供应商开发工程师
510SDKSoftware Development Kit - A system includes lots of softwaresand all of them are used to accomplish one aim.软件开发工具包——一个包含了多个软件以完成一个特定的目标功能。
511SDSSupplier Delivery System供应商发运系统
512SDTSimultaneous Development Team - Select members from differentfuntional departments to implement project developmenttogether.同步开发小组——来自不同部门的成员组成的团队，来实施项目开发 。
513SESelf Exinguishing自行熄灭
514SFCPShop Floor Control Plan工厂控制计划
515SGMShanghai General Motor - SGM is a joint venture established in1997 by American GMAuto and SAIC.上海通用汽车有限公司——上海通用是一家美国通用汽车和上汽于1997年共同投资兴建的汽车公司。
516SILSingle Issues List单一问题清单，最严重质量问题的最终汇总和整体状态的跟踪
517SKDSemi Knocked Down部分散件——国际贸易中，特别是在国际汽车贸易中，整车出口国的汽车公司把成品予以拆散，而以半成品或零部件的方式出口，再由进口厂商在所在国以自行装配方式完成整车成品并进行销售
518SMARTSpecific, Measurable, Attainable, Results-oriented, Time-bound具体的，可衡量，可达到的，以结果为导向的，有时间限定的（目标
519SMC1. SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle Co.1. 上海汽车股份有限公司乘用车分公司
2. SMC Corporation2. 一家领先世界的电气元件生产制造商
520SMEDSingle Minute Exchange of Die快速换模；快速换产
521SMRRSupplier Material Rejection Report供应商物料拒收报告
522SMS1. Strategy Management System1. 战略管理系统
2. Supplier Management Score2. 供应商管理评分
523SMSOSupplier Material System Operation供应商物料运作系统
524SMTSystem Management Team采购、工程、SQE联合工作小组
525SMTCSAIC Motor Technical Center上海汽车股份有限公司技术中心
526SMTESubject Matter Technical Expert主题技术专家
527SOP1. Start of Production - Initiation of volume production tosupport customer assembly operations; equal to Job 1.1. 生产开始(正式/批量)——支持客户总装作业的开始批量生产，等同于“工作1”。
2. Standard Operating Procedure2. 标准操作流程
528SORStatement of Requirement合同要求
529SOSStandardized Operation Sheets标准作业单
530SOWStatement of Work - Overall description of the services. SVWnames it as工作指南——客户服务的完整描述，大众称为LH。
531SPAShipping Priority Audit发运前检查
532SPC1. Special Processe Characteristic1.过程特殊特性（如关键、主要、重要、重点）是这样一种产品特性：对合理预测的变差，会明显影响产品安全性或政府标准或法规的一致性，或者会显著影响顾客对产品的满意程度。
2. Statistical Process Control - The use of statistical techniques such as control charts to analyze a process or its outputs so as to take appropriate actions to achieve and maintain a state of statistical control and to improve the process capability.2.统计过程控制——运用统计技术诸如控制图分析一个过程或是其产出，而后采取行动以达到和维护统计控制状态和改进过程能力。
533SPCCSpill Prevention, Control and Countermeasures预防，控制和对策
534SPPMSupplier PPM - The number of supplier parts be rejected permillion.供应商拒收数 - 供应商零件每百万件被拒收的数量。
535SPQRCSafety, People, Quality, Responsiveness, Cost五大目标
536SPR1. Supplier Performance Rating供应商业绩表现
537SPSOSupplier Process Sign-off - A "Quality Systems and manufacturing供应商过程签发——是我们在进行文件评估时对质量系统和制造准备
538SQA1. Supplier Quality Assurance1. 供应商质量保证
539SQCStatistical Quality Control统计质量管理
540SQESupplier Quality Engineer供应商质量工程师
541SRRSystems Requirements Request系统要求申请
542SSOProduct Safety Sign-Off产品安全签发
543SSOWSupplier Statement of Work - This document outlines the program供应商工作指南——此文件概括了与指定项目的开发和生产相关的项
544STOSeat Trim Outline Drawing座椅轮阔图
545SUVSports Utility Vehicle运动型多功能车
546SVSupplier Visualization供应链可视化系统
547SVWShanghai Volkswagen - SVW is a joint venture established in19985 by German Vlokswagen andSAIC.上海大众汽车有限公司——上海大众是一家德国大众汽车和上汽于1985年共同投资兴建的汽车公司。
548SWSteering Wheel方向盘
549TA1. Technical Assessment Procedure for Potential Supplier1. 供应商技术评估
2. Tooling Authorization - Form used to approve spending money for2. 工装授权 - 用于批准工装花费的表格。
550TAKTTakt Time生产节拍时间
551TBDTo Be Determined - It's used to espress the state of someproject in form.待决定——在制作表格的时候经常用来表示某项工作所处的状态。
552TCP/IPTransmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol - it is the basic communication protocol of the internet. It can also be used as a communications protocol in a private network.传输控制协议/互联网协议——互联网上基本的通讯协议，也可用作专用网的通讯协议。
553TDIToluene - 2, 4 - Diisocyanate发泡化学原料
554TDSTechnical Data Sheet技术数据表，包含产品的技术参数和性能的相关信息
555TGRThings Go Right - Past success experience运行情况良好——过去的成功经验
556TGWThings Go Wrong - Past failure experience运行情况不良——过去的失败经验
557TIRTest Issues Resolution试车/装车问题
558TLTSTop Load Top Slider
559TOCTheory of Constraints限制理论
560TODTerm of Delivery交付期限，交付条件
561TPMTotal Productive Maintenance - A system to achieve zeromachine-related defects and zero machine breakdowns.全员生产性维护——一种达到设备相关故障为零和设备失效为零的体系。
562TPQThreshold Planning Quantity计划的临界值
563TQCTotal Quality Control全面质量控制
564TQMTotal Quality Management全面质量管理
565TRTeam Rally - Team Rally is a yearly worldwide competition heldby Johnson Controls as well as a meeting where every team can demonstrate their achievement and share their successful experience with others and is awarded for their accomplishment. Our company holds such a competition annually.团队集会——团队集会是江森每年举行一次全球范围内的比赛，是各个团队表演其取得的成绩，与他人分享其经验并借此表彰团队所取得的成就的聚会。本公司每年度举行一次这样的比赛。
566TRITemporary Rework Instruction临时返工指导书
567TTFTime To Fire (for pre-tensioners, air bags, etc.)点火时刻（用于预紧器，气囊等）
568TVTotal Variation总变差
569TVRTool Verification Report模具确认报告
570TVSTilt Vent Slider
571UAIUse As It可用
572UCLUpper Control Limit上控制限
573ULPUnited States Logistic Platform美国物流平台
574UOMUnit of Measure计量单位
575UPCUniversal Product Code - Sort and number those import and export products or materials to meet the requirement of custommanagement including taxation and report during the international commerce,通用产品代码——指国际贸易中，为便于对不同货物的征税、统计等海关管理，对进出口货物、材料进行分类编码。
576USUltra Sound超声（波）
577USBUniversal Serial Bus - It's a plug-and-play interface between acomputer and add-on devices (such as joysticks, keyboards, scanners, and printers). With USB, a new device can be added to your computer without having to add an adapter card or even having to turn the computer off.通用串行总线 -一种计算机同外设（如音响，游戏杆，键盘，电话，扫描仪，打印机）之间的即插即用接口。使用USB,新的外设可直接连上电脑而无须使用适配卡，甚至无须关机。
578USL1. Upper Size Limit规格上限
2. Upper Specification Limit
579UVUltraviolet紫外线
580VA/VEValue Analysis/Value Engineering - Value analysis is a methodfor analyzing a product or process in order to reduce costs. Structuredmethodology used to identify elements of value and quantify the cost of providing that value. May be used to identify cost reductionopportunities or to provide a framework for evaluating the values customers place on products and services. Value Engineering is a planned, clean sheet approach to problem solving, focusing on specific product design & process characteristics. Value engineering is employed to maximize value prior to expenditures of facilities价值分析/价值工程——价值分析是为减少成本对产品或过程进行分析的一种方法。使用结构化的方法明确价值要素并且量化为提供该价值的成本。可能用于明确成本降低机会或提供评估框架，以评估客户的产品及服务中的价值。价值工程是一种有计划的解决问题的空白单方法，它集中于具体的产品设计和过程特性上。价值工程用于在设施和工装开支前使价值最大化。
581VDAVerband Deutschen Automobilindustrie德国汽车工业联合会（德文）
582VDA6.1VDA6.1 German automotive quality system requirements.德国汽车工业质量体系标准。
583VDRVoltage Dependent Resistor压敏电阻
584VFF德语首次工装件送样,主要用于向客户的管理层展示
585VINVehicle Identification Number车辆识别号码
586VISVehicle Information System虚拟信息系统
587VMIVendor Managed Inventory供应商管理库存
588VOC1. Voice of Customer客户呼声
2. Volatile Organic Compounds挥发性有机化合物
589VPVerification Prototype样件验证，福特APQP术语
590VPNVirtual Private Network - It is a private data network that makes use of the public telecommunication infrastructure, maintaining privacythrough the use of a tunneling protocol and security procedures. A virtual private network can be contrasted with a system of owned or leased lines that can only be used by one company. The idea of the VPN is to give the company the same capabilities at much lower cost by using the shared public infrastructure虚拟专用网——利用公网设施通过使用隧道协议和安全机制维持其专用性，故称作虚拟专用网。对比那种一个公司购买或租用的并且独用的专用线路系统而言，它可以使得公司以少的多的价格获得相同的性能。
591VSAVariation Simulation Analysis变更模拟分析
592VSOVerification Sign-Off验证签发
593WANWide Area Network - It's data traffic network that covers largeaera, with comparatively slow transmitted speed, and aimedto data communications.广域网——是指覆盖范围广、传输速率相对较低、以数据通信为主要目的的数据通信网。
594WAPWireless Application Protocol -It's a specification for a set of communication protocols to standardize the way that wireless devices, such as cellular telephones and radio transceivers, can be used for Internet access,including e-mail, the World Wide Web and newsgroups.无线应用协议——用来规范无线设备访问因特网,包括电子邮件，万维网，新闻组等服务的一组协议。
595WBBAWorldwide Benchmarking and Business Analysis全球基准和商业分析
596WBSWork Breakdown Structure工作分解表
597WDMWeight Drop Machine落重设备－－校准用于气囊控制的座椅重量传感器
598WDPVWeighted Discrepancies per Vehicle平均每辆车不符合项与权重乘积的总和（平均每辆车扣分值）
599WFWork Flow工作流
600WHWarehouse仓库
601WIWorking Instruction操作规程
602WIPWork in Process在制品
603WVPWater Vapor Permeability水蒸汽渗透性
604WVTWater Vapor Transmission水蒸气透过性；透湿性
605XMLExtensible Markup Language - It is a flexible way to createcommon information formats and share both the format and the data on the World Wide Web, intranets, and elsewhere.扩展标识语言——为创建通用信息格式以及在万维网、内部网上共享格式和数据提供的一种灵活的方式。
606YTDYear to Date年初到今日
608ZDZero Defects零缺陷
谢谢分享 远方 发表于 2024-7-18 12:03
谢谢分享
好东西 正需要 两个子牛逼 :L这么多简称吗 谢谢分享 感谢分享{:1_180:}
谢谢分享 收藏学习，{:1_180:}{:1_180:}{:1_180:} 感谢分享 这么多呀，这行业不好干呀 搞个附件多好呀！ {:1_180:}{:1_180:}{:1_180:}