You, the consumer, must work with your suppliers to determine what levels of quality and risk are acceptable.

Acceptable quality level (AQL) – The poorest level of quality from a supplier's process that would be considered acceptable as a process average. Typically, people would design a sampling plan that accepts a lot of product at the AQL most of the time.

Rejectable quality level (RQL) – The poorest level of quality that the consumer is willing to tolerate in an independent lot. Typically, people would design a sampling plan that rejects a lot of product at the RQL most of the time.

For the grocery bags, you agree that 2% defective will be acceptable as a process average. Also, you agree that 5% defective will be tolerated on a single lot basis, but not greater than 5%.