You can use data in subgroups, with two or more observations. Subgroup data can be structured in one column, or in rows across several columns.
To use the Box-Cox transformation, data must be positive.
Ideally, all subgroups should be the same size. If your subgroups are not all the same size, due to missing data or unequal subgroup sizes, only subgroups of the majority size are used for estimating the between-subgroup variation.