Eight tests for special causes
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Charts    X and R, X and S, X, Individuals, I-MR-R/S, I-MR, Capability Sixpack (Normal), and Capability Sixpack (Between/Within)

                Tests 1-4 only: R, S, and Moving Range

Each of the tests for special causes, shown below, detects a specific pattern in the data plotted on the chart. The occurrence of a pattern suggests a special cause for the variation, one that should be investigated. See [1] and [32] for guidance on using these tests.

When a point fails a test, it is marked with the test number on the chart. If a point fails more than one test, the number of the first test in your list is the number printed on the chart.

The tests below are shown with the default values. You can change them by changing the values of K in the Tests - Options dialog box.

Eight Tests for Special Causes

Test 1    1 point more than 3s from center line

Test 2    9 points in a row on same side of center line

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Test 3    Six points in a row, all increasing or all decreasing

Test 4    Fourteen points in a row, alternating up and down

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Test 5    2 out of 3 points > 2s from center line (same side)

Test 6    4 out of 5 points > 1s from center line (same side)

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Test 7    15 points in a row within 1s of center line (either side)

Test 8    8 points in a row > 1s from center line (either side)

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