博世MSA 手册 ，供参考学习 Capability of Measurement and Test Processes.pdf
1 Introduction .. 1
2 Scope ...... 1
3 Flow Charts .. 3
4 Procedures for Verification of Measurement Process Capability by Means of Continuous Characteristics .. 8
4.1 Procedure 1 (type-1 study): Systematic measurement error and repeatability . 8
4.2 Procedure 2 (type-2 study): Repeatability and reproducibility (gage R&R) with operator influence .... 12
4.3 Procedure 3 (type-3 study): Repeatability and reproducibility (gage R&R) without operator influence.. 15
4.4 Procedure 4: Linearity ... 18
4.5 Procedure 5: Stability .... 19
4.5.1 Preparing stability monitoring . 19
4.5.2 Sampling interval .. 21
4.5.3 Conducting stability monitoring ..... 21
4.6 Repetition of capability studies ..... 22
5 Procedures for Verification of Test Process Capability by Means of Discrete Characteristics ..... 24
5.1 Procedure 6: Test decisions for discretized continuous characteristics ...... 24
5.2 Procedure 7: Test decisions for discrete and discretized continuous characteristics ... 28
5.3 Notes on stability monitoring and repetition of capability studies .. 32
6 Assessment of Non-Capable Measurement and Test Processes ..... 32
Appendix . 33
A Examples of Checklists for Measurement Process Analyses ... 33
B Forms for Manual Analysis .. 35
C Amendments and Notes on Procedure 1 ..... 43
C.1 Significance of systematic measurement errors .. 43
C.2 Determination of the significance criterion for systematic measurement errors ..... 43
C.3 Characteristics with a one-sided limit and without a natural limit ... 44
D Amendments and Notes on Procedures 2 and 3 .... 46
D.1 Parameter ndc .... 46
D.2 Procedure 2: Analysis using “analysis of variances (ANOVA)” .... 48
D.3 Analysis using the “average range method (ARM)” .. 52
D.4 K-factors for ARM . 53
D.5 Approach in case of an insufficient number of measuring objects . 55
D.6 Procedure 1 – procedure 2 and 3: Inconsistent classification into capability categories ...... 56
E Amendments and Notes on Procedure 4 (Linearity) .... 58
E.1 Procedure according to AIAG MSA ...... 58
E.2 Multiple use of procedure 1: Additional considerations ..... 63
F Procedure 5: Factors for the Calculation of Control Limits ..... 64
G Parameter “Kappa” () ...... 65
G.1 Mathematical background ..... 65
G.2 Manual analysis using data from AIAG MSA as an example ..... 67
G.3 Analysis using commercial statistics software: Minitab ..... 71
G.4 Single stage and multiple stage test processes: Attribute gage as an example .... 74
Table of symbols ...... 75
Definition of terms ..... 79
Literature . 86
Index ..... 87
List of flow charts
Fig. 1: Capability study – overview of stages and responsibilities .. 3
Fig. 2: Superordinate work flow of capability studies for measurement and test processes (level 1) .. 4
Fig. 3: Level-2 work flow of a capability study of measurement processes for continuous characteristics ... 5
Fig. 4: Level-3 work flow of a capability study of measurement processes for continuous characteristics ... 6
Fig. 5: Level-2 work flow of a capability study of test processes for discrete characteristics ... 7
Fig. 6: Level-4 work flow of a capability study according to procedure 1 (type-1 study) ... 10
Fig. 7: Level-4 work flow of a capability study according to procedure 2 (type-2 study) ... 13
Fig. 8: Level-4 work flow of a capability study according to procedure 3 (type-3 study) ... 16
Fig. 9: Stability monitoring for continuous characteristics (procedure 5) . 19
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